This chapter presents the most significant approaches developed so far for addressing NEtwork MObility (NEMOi) management, including the most outstanding solution (NEMO BS) and highlighting their most interesting features. We also define the demanded key features to the NEMO protocols to be applied in the ITS context and provide an analysis of the fulfillment of these key features by the NEMO protocols. The proposals suggested so far can be can be classified in two different categories: on the one hand, NEMO solutions that consider MIPv6 as the base host mobility management protocol, and on the other hand, solutions that consider alternative base host mobility management protocols like SIP, LIN6 or HIP. Besides, we provide a taxonomy on MIPv6 based NEMO protocols classifying them considering which characteristics they aim to enhance. It is important to point out that the selection of the base host mobility management protocol is fundamental to have as much as possible demanded key features satisfied by the NEMO protocol to be applied in the ITS context.

Covering NEtwork MObility (NEMO) scenarios based on end-to-end mobility management protocols such as the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) is not straightforward. However, it has been demonstrated that HIP based NEMO solutions outperform NEMO Basic Support (NEMO BS), hence, HIP is being considered also for addressing NEMO scenario necessities. In this work we focus on the Registration Extension process of HIP, which is mandatory for providing reachability of HIP enabled mobile nodes. More specifically, we describe our proposal, the Bulk Registration process, which has been analytically modeled to show that it outperforms other registration approaches in more than 90% in terms of delay and signaling overhead. Obtained results are highly valuable for a common NEMO scenario where several nodes are present in a vehicle to control its operation.

With the goal of solving shortcomings of MIPv6, alternative protocols such as HIP have been proposed by the research community. In the same way as for MIPv6, solutions to cover NEMO scenarios based on HIP have been worked out. However, there is little agreement on which the best way is to handle NEMO scenarios when using HIP. In this work we analyze different HIP based NEMO solutions and define mathematical models for their analysis. These models are utilized for evaluating the signaling overhead of HIP based NEMO protocols in order to provide insight in the specification of the features a HIP based NEMO solution should fulfill.

In this paper we propose the use of the IEEE802.21 protocol in the railway context to enhance the highly frequent, repeated and foreseeable handovers between different radio access technologies. This standard specifies IEEE802 media access-independent mechanisms that optimize handovers between heterogeneous IEEE802 systems and between IEEE 802 systems and cellular systems. The global aim is to contribute to develop a seamless layer that provides independence to the application layers from the radio access technology underneath. A case study with two out of the most popular radio access technologies, IEEE802.11 and IEEE 802.16 is undertaken.

With the aim of tackling shortcomings of MIPv6, several host mobility management protocols, such as HIP have been released. In the same way as for MIPv6, HIP based protocols have been worked out for addressing necessities of NEMO scenarios. However, several limitations are still present, specially regarding secure mobility management. In this work, we highlight these limitations and outline the fundamentals of our protocol, NeMHIP.

Recent widespread deployment of different types of sensors and detectors has opened the door to a new way of understanding collaborative applications. The use of such devices allows information to be collected, used and disclosed on a massive scale and under very different conditions from which we are currently familiar with. Despite the huge potential of these collaborative environments, privacy is one of their most criticized aspects and probably the greatest barrier to their long-term success. To address this problem, we present a privacy-enhancing security model specifically tailored to the characteristics of ubiquitous and heterogeneous environments consisting of low capacity devices. This security model is based on the Kerberos symmetric key protocol which has been modified and extended to avoid using timestamps and to accomplish the authorization process. Finally, we present a validation of our proposal using an automated tool and we show a real world deployment use case.

Neutral Access Networks (NAN) have appeared as a new model to overcome some restrictions and lack of flexibility that are present currently in broadband access networks. NAN brings new business opportunities by opening this market to new stakeholders. Although the NAN model is accepted, there are some technical issues that need to be resolved to facilitate wider NAN deployment. This paper proposes a new technical approach to neutral access networks, which is based on Carrier Ethernet technology. The proposal allows the user to independently select both the service provider and the network operator that will be used to deliver the service. To achieve this, a shared infrastructure is needed, which takes NAN as reference model. The main contributions of this proposal are the following: an Ethernet-based approach for neutral access networks; a mechanism for users to select which network operator is used to access each/target service provider; and an AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) infrastructure and access control policy profile to control service delivery over selected/requested NAN. Finally, a working prototype is described for validation of the proposal.