This chapter presents the most significant approaches developed so far for addressing NEtwork MObility (NEMOi) management, including the most outstanding solution (NEMO BS) and highlighting their most interesting features. We also define the demanded key features to the NEMO protocols to be applied in the ITS context and provide an analysis of the fulfillment of these key features by the NEMO protocols. The proposals suggested so far can be can be classified in two different categories: on the one hand, NEMO solutions that consider MIPv6 as the base host mobility management protocol, and on the other hand, solutions that consider alternative base host mobility management protocols like SIP, LIN6 or HIP. Besides, we provide a taxonomy on MIPv6 based NEMO protocols classifying them considering which characteristics they aim to enhance. It is important to point out that the selection of the base host mobility management protocol is fundamental to have as much as possible demanded key features satisfied by the NEMO protocol to be applied in the ITS context.

Covering NEtwork MObility (NEMO) scenarios based on end-to-end mobility management protocols such as the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) is not straightforward. However, it has been demonstrated that HIP based NEMO solutions outperform NEMO Basic Support (NEMO BS), hence, HIP is being considered also for addressing NEMO scenario necessities. In this work we focus on the Registration Extension process of HIP, which is mandatory for providing reachability of HIP enabled mobile nodes. More specifically, we describe our proposal, the Bulk Registration process, which has been analytically modeled to show that it outperforms other registration approaches in more than 90% in terms of delay and signaling overhead. Obtained results are highly valuable for a common NEMO scenario where several nodes are present in a vehicle to control its operation.

With the goal of solving shortcomings of MIPv6, alternative protocols such as HIP have been proposed by the research community. In the same way as for MIPv6, solutions to cover NEMO scenarios based on HIP have been worked out. However, there is little agreement on which the best way is to handle NEMO scenarios when using HIP. In this work we analyze different HIP based NEMO solutions and define mathematical models for their analysis. These models are utilized for evaluating the signaling overhead of HIP based NEMO protocols in order to provide insight in the specification of the features a HIP based NEMO solution should fulfill.

In this paper we propose the use of the IEEE802.21 protocol in the railway context to enhance the highly frequent, repeated and foreseeable handovers between different radio access technologies. This standard specifies IEEE802 media access-independent mechanisms that optimize handovers between heterogeneous IEEE802 systems and between IEEE 802 systems and cellular systems. The global aim is to contribute to develop a seamless layer that provides independence to the application layers from the radio access technology underneath. A case study with two out of the most popular radio access technologies, IEEE802.11 and IEEE 802.16 is undertaken.